Tori tend to grow gradually throughout life and do not have potential for malignant transformation. Biopsy may be warranted if there is doubt. However, oral tori can usually be distinguished from other conditions on the basis of clinical findings alone.
Oral tori must be differentiated from other growths in the mouth including fibromas, mucoceles, osteomas, osteochondromas, and osteoid osteomas. An inner zone of trabecular bone may also be present.Īdvertising Policy Differential diagnosis
Microscopic examination of tori reveal a mass of dense, lamellar, cortical bone with a small amount of fibrofatty marrow. This form is much less common than torus palatinus, with a prevalence of 6 percent, and is bilateral in about 80 percent of cases. Torus mandibularis is a protuberance arising in the premolar area of the lingual surface of the mandible. It arises from the median raphe of the palatine bone and can vary in shape and size. Torus palatinus is the most prevalent oral torus, occurring in 20 percent of the US population. It is more common in Native Americans, Eskimos, Norwegians and Thais. Masticatory hyperfunction and bruxism are thought to be risk factors.Įpidemiologic studies indicate that oral tori are more common in women, and the prevalence varies considerably between geographic areas and ethnic groups. The condition is thought to be multifactorial, with causal factors including autosomal dominant inheritance, trauma, and lifestyle factors such as vitamin deficiency, a calcium-rich diet, fish consumption, and chewing on dry, raw or frozen meat (as in Eskimo cultures).
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